linux设备驱动程序-第三章（简单scull）学习总结

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本文是关于《Linux设备驱动程序》第三章学习的总结，通过Unbuntu12.0和2.6.35.3内核进行scull驱动的实践。详细介绍了scull驱动的开发环境、源代码、编译步骤以及模块的加载、测试和读写功能验证过程，旨在通过实践加深对Linux设备驱动的理解。

//#include <linux/config.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>

#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>

#include "scull.h"

int scull_major = SCULL_MAJOR;
int scull_minor = 0;
int scull_nr_devs = SCULL_NR_DEVS;
int scull_quantum = SCULL_QUANTUM;
int scull_qset = SCULL_QSET;

module_param(scull_major,int,S_IRUGO);
module_param(scull_minor,int,S_IRUGO);
module_param(scull_nr_devs,int,S_IRUGO);

struct scull_dev *scull_devices;

/*empty out the scull device:must be called with the device semaphore held*/

/*scull_trim负责释放整个数据区，并且在文件以写入方式打开时由scull_open调用，它简单遍历链表，并且使用能找到的原子量*/
int scull_trim(struct scull_dev *dev)
{
    struct scull_qset *next,*dptr;
    int qset = dev->qset;
    int i;

    for(dptr=dev->data;dptr;dptr=next){
        if(dptr->data){
            for(i=0;i<qset;i++)
                kfree(dptr->data[i]);
            kfree(dptr->data);
            dptr->data = NULL;
        }
        next=dptr->next;
        kfree(dptr);
    }
    dev->size = 0;
    dev->quantum = scull_quantum;
    dev->qset = scull_qset;
    dev->data = NULL;
    return 0;
}

/*若设备以读写方式打开，它的长度截零，未锁定信号量*/
int scull_open(struct inode *inode,struct file *filep)
{
    struct scull_dev *dev;
    dev = container_of(inode->i_cdev,struct scull_dev,cdev);
    filep->private_data = dev;
    if((filep->f_flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_WRONLY){
     /*if(down_interruptible(&dev->sem))
      * return -ERESTARTSYS;
      * */
     scull_trim(dev);
     /*up(&dev->sem);*/
    }
    return 0;
}

int scull_release(struct inode *inode,struct file *filep)
{
    return 0;
}

struct scull_qset *scull_follow(struct scull_dev *dev,int n)
{
    struct scull_qset *qs = dev->data;
    if(!qs){
        qs = dev->data = kmalloc(sizeof(struct scull_qset),GFP_KERNEL);
        if(qs == NULL)
            return NULL;
        memset(qs,0,sizeof(struct scull_qset));
    }
    while(n--){
        if(!qs->next){
            qs->next = kmalloc(sizeof(struct scull_qset),GFP_KERNEL);
            if(qs->next == NULL)
                return NULL;
            memset(qs->next,0,sizeof(struct scull_qset));
        }
        qs=qs->next;
        continue;
    }
    return qs;
}

ssize_t scull_read(struct file *filep,char __user *buf,size_t count,loff_t *f_pos)
{
    struct scull_dev *dev = filep->private_data;
    struct scull_qset *dptr;
    int quantum = dev->quantum,qset = dev->qset;
    int itemsize = quantum * qset;
    int item,s_pos,q_pos,rest;
    ssize_t retval = 0;
    
    printk(KERN_EMERG "read1\n");
    if(down_interruptible(&dev->sem))
        return -ERESTARTSYS;
    if(*f_pos>=dev->size)
        goto out;
    if(*f_pos + count > dev->size)
        count = dev->size - *f_pos;

    item = (long)*f_pos / itemsize;
    rest = (long)*f_pos % itemsize;
    s_pos = rest / quantum;
    q_pos = rest % quantum;

    printk(KERN_EMERG "read2\n");
    dptr = scull_follow(dev,item);
    if(dptr == NULL || !dptr->data || !dptr->data[s_pos])
        goto out;

    printk(KERN_EMERG "read3\n");
    if(count > quantum - q_pos)
        count = quantum - q_pos;

    printk(KERN_EMERG "read4\n");
    if(copy_to_user(buf,dptr->data[s_pos] + q_pos,count)){
        retval = -EFAULT;
        goto out;
    }
    *f_pos +=count;
    retval = count;

    printk(KERN_EMERG "Dubug scull_read length is %ld\n",retval);
out:
    up(&dev->sem);
    return retval;
}

ssize_t scull_write(struct file *filep,const char __user *buf,size_t count,loff_t *f_pos)
{
    struct scull_dev *dev = filep->private_data;
    struct scull_qset *dptr;
    int quantum = dev->quantum,qset = dev->qset;
    int itemsize = quantum * qset;
    int item,s_pos,q_pos,rest;
    ssize_t retval = -ENOMEM;

    if(down_interruptible(&dev->sem))
        return -ERESTARTSYS;

    item = (long)*f_pos / itemsize;
    rest = (long)*f_pos % itemsize;
    s_pos = rest / quantum;
    q_pos = rest % quantum;

  /*沿该链表前行，直至正确位置*/
    dptr = scull_follow(dev,item);
    if(dptr == NULL)
        goto out;
    if(!dptr->data){
        dptr->data = kmalloc(qset * sizeof(char *),GFP_KERNEL);
        if(!dptr->data)
            goto out;
        memset(dptr->data,0,qset * sizeof(char *));
    }
    if(!dptr->data[s_pos]){
        dptr->data[s_pos]=kmalloc(quantum,GFP_KERNEL);
        if(!dptr->data[s_pos])
            goto out;
    }

    if(count > quantum - q_pos)
       count = quantum -q_pos;

    if(copy_from_user(dptr->data[s_pos]+q_pos,buf,count)){
        retval = -EFAULT;
        goto out;
    }
    *f_pos += count;
    retval = count;

    if(dev->size < *f_pos)
        dev->size = *f_pos;

    printk(KERN_EMERG "Dubug scull_write length is %ld\n",retval);
out:
    up(&dev->sem);
    return retval;
}

/*scull_llseek方法用来修改文件的当前可读位置，并将新位置作为返回值返回*/
loff_t scull_llseek(struct file *filep,loff_t off,int whence)
{
    struct scull_dev *dev = filep->private_data;
    loff_t newpos;

    switch(whence){
        case 0:  /*seek_set*/
            newpos = off;
            break;

        case 1:  /*seek_cur*/
            newpos = filep->f_pos + off;
            break;

        case 2:  /*seek_end*/
            newpos = dev->size + off;
            break;

        default: /*no default*/
            return -EINVAL;
    }

    if(newpos < 0) return -EINVAL;
    filep->f_pos = newpos;
    return newpos;
}

 //scull设备的文件操作
struct file_operations scull_fops = {
    .owner = THIS_MODULE,
    .llseek = scull_llseek,
    .read = scull_read,
    .write = scull_write,
    /*.ioctl = scull_ioctl,*/
    .open = scull_open,
    .release = scull_release,
};

void scull_cleanup_module(void)
{
    int i;
    dev_t devno = MKDEV(scull_major,scull_minor);

    if(scull_devices){
        for(i=0;i<scull_nr_devs;i++)
        {
            scull_trim(scull_devices+i);
            cdev_del(&scull_devices[i].cdev);
        }
        kfree(scull_devices);
    }
    unregister_chrdev_region(devno,scull_nr_devs);
}

static void scull_setup_cdev(struct scull_dev *dev,int index)
{
    int err,devno = MKDEV(scull_major,scull_minor+index);

    cdev_init(&dev->cdev,&scull_fops);
    dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
    dev->cdev.ops = &scull_fops;
    err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev,devno,1);

    if(err)
        printk(KERN_EMERG "Error %d addingscull %d!\n",err,index);
}

int scull_init_module(void)
{
    int result,i;
    dev_t dev = 0;

    printk(KERN_EMERG "Debug is scull_init module!\n");
    //获取主设备数号
    if(scull_major){
        dev = MKDEV(scull_major,scull_minor);
        result = register_chrdev_region(dev,scull_nr_devs,"scull");
    }else{
        result = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev,scull_minor,scull_nr_devs,"scull");
        scull_major = MAJOR(dev);
    }
    if(result < 0){
        printk(KERN_EMERG "scull:can't get major %d/n",scull_major);

        return result;
    }

    scull_devices = kmalloc(scull_nr_devs * sizeof(struct scull_dev),GFP_KERNEL);
    if(!scull_devices){
        result = -ENOMEM;
        goto fail;
    }
    memset(scull_devices,0,scull_nr_devs * sizeof(struct scull_dev));
    printk(KERN_EMERG "the length of scull_dev is %ld\n",sizeof(struct scull_dev));

    for(i=0;i<scull_nr_devs;i++){
        scull_devices[i].quantum = scull_quantum;
        scull_devices[i].qset = scull_qset;
        init_MUTEX(&scull_devices[i].sem);//有用到信号量一定要初始化
        scull_setup_cdev(&scull_devices[i],i);
       }

    dev=MKDEV(scull_major,scull_minor+scull_nr_devs);
    return 0;

fail:
    scull_cleanup_module();
    return result;
}

module_init(scull_init_module);
module_exit(scull_cleanup_module);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

2、scull.h

#ifndef _SCULL_H_
#define _SCULL_H_
#include <linux/ioctl.h>

#ifndef SCULL_MAJOR
#define SCULL_MAJOR 0
#endif

#ifndef SCULL_NR_DEVS
#define SCULL_NR_DEVS 4
#endif

#ifndef SCULL_QUANTUM
#define SCULL_QUANTUM 4000
#endif

#ifndef SCULL_QSET
#define SCULL_QSET 1000
#endif

struct scull_qset{
    void **data;
    struct scull_qset *next;
};

struct scull_dev{
    struct scull_qset *data;
    int quantum;
    int qset;
    unsigned long size;
    unsigned int access_key;
    struct semaphore sem;
    struct cdev cdev;
};

#define TYPE(minor)  ((minor)>>4 && 0xff)
#define NUM(minor)   ((minor) & 0xf)

extern int scull_major;   /*from main.c*/
extern int scull_nr_devs;
extern int scull_quantum;
extern int scull_qset;

int scull_trim(struct scull_dev *dev);
ssize_t scull_read(struct file *filep,char __user *buf,size_t count,loff_t *offp);
ssize_t scull_write(struct file *filep,const char __user *buff,size_t count,loff_t *offp);
loff_t scull_llseek(struct file *filep,loff_t off,int whence);
int scull_ioctl(struct inode *inode,struct file *filep,unsigned int cmd,unsigned long arg);

#define SCULL_IOC_MAXNR 14
#endif

3、Makefile

# Comment/uncomment the following line to disable/enable debugging
#DEBUG = y


# Add your debugging flag (or not) to CFLAGS
#ifeq ($(DEBUG),y)
#  DEBFLAGS = -O -g -DSBULL_DEBUG # "-O" is needed to expand inlines
#else
#  DEBFLAGS = -O2
#endif

#CFLAGS += $(DEBFLAGS)
#CFLAGS += -I..

ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)
# call from kernel build system
  obj-m := scull.o
else
KERNELDIR ?= /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD       := $(shell pwd)
default:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
endif

clean:
	rm -rf *.o *~ core .depend .*.cmd *.ko *.mod.c .tmp_versions

#depend .depend dep:
#	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -M *.c > .depend


#ifeq (.depend,$(wildcard .depend))
#include .depend
#endif

4、scull_load.sh

#!/bin/sh
module="scull"
device="scull"
mode="664"

#/sbin/rmmod ./$module.ko $* || exit 1

#使用传入到该脚本的所有参数调用insmod，同时使用路径名指定模块位置
/sbin/insmod ./$module.ko $* || exit 1
rm -f /dev/${device}[0-3]

major=$(awk "\$2==\"$module\" {print \$1}" /proc/devices)
#major=210

mknod /dev/${device}0 c $major 0
mknod /dev/${device}1 c $major 1
mknod /dev/${device}2 c $major 2
mknod /dev/${device}3 c $major 3

5、scull_unload.sh

#!/bin/sh
module="scull"
device="scull"

/sbin/rmmod $module $* || exit 1

rm -f /dev/${device} /dev/${device}[0-3]

三、实验步骤
最好都在root权限下运行，有涉及到权限问题操作
1、首先先在主目录下make，编译模块，生成.ko文件。
出现如下：

make[1]: 正在进入目录 `/usr/src/linux-2.6.35.3'
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST 1 modules
  LD [M]  /root/Cdev_Driver/Ldd-3/scull.ko
make[1]:正在离开目录 `/usr/src/linux-2.6.35.3'

2、使用chmod +x 命令将scull_load.sh和scull_unload.sh属性更改为可执行，脚本才能执行
3、打开另一个界面2，输入cat /proc/kmsg，查看printk打印结果
4、在第一个界面1运行脚本scull_load.sh：

./scull_load.sh

在界面2显示下列代码，说明初始化成功

#cat /proc/kmsg
<0>[ 9348.855399] Debug is scull_init module!
<0>[ 9348.855451] the length of scull_dev is 160

使用lsmod和ls /dev/查看装载的模块和加载的设备信息

#lsmod|grep "scull"
scull                   4807  0

#find /dev/ -name "scull*"
/dev/scull3
/dev/scull2
/dev/scull1
/dev/scull0

#cat /proc/devices|grep "scull"
251 scull

5、接下来是验证模块的写入读取功能（界面1为正常输入界面，界面2位printk打印输出界面）
在界面1写入write

 #echo "hello,friends" > /dev/scull0

界面2显示：

<0>[ 9789.871041] Dubug scull_write length is 14

读取模块数据
界面1显示

#cat /dev/scull0
hello,friends

界面2显示

<0>[ 9902.169251] read1
<0>[ 9902.169256] read2
<0>[ 9902.169258] read3
<0>[ 9902.169259] read4
<0>[ 9902.169262] Dubug scull_read length is 14

四、总结
以上就是关于《linux设备驱动程序》第三章-scull的小结和测试。仍然还是有很多不懂，再接再厉，多加练习。