unittest单元测试

一、测试级别
1、单元测试
（1）对代码最基本单元（函数、方法）的测试
（2）给与特定条件判断结果是否符合预期
（3）相对整个程序的测试，单元测试简化了测试任务
（4）unittest 模块
2、集成测试
3、系统测试
4、验收测试
5、回归测试
二、测试代码组织
1、unittest 模块
import unittest
def add(a,b):
return a+b
class MyTest(unittest.TestCase):
def test_add(self):
self.assertEqual(8,add(5,3)) #判断add(5,3)是否等于8
if name == ‘main’:
unittest.main()
2、常用的断言方法
（1）assertEqual(值,表达式)是否相等
import unittest
person = {‘name’:‘Mike’,‘age’:20}
numbers = [1,3,2,88,7,44]
s = ‘abi’
class TestAssert(unittest.TestCase):
def test_assert_method(self):
self.assertEqual(‘Mike’,person.get(‘name’))
if name ==‘main’:
unittest.main()
（2）assertTrue()是否为真
import unittest
person = {‘name’:‘Mike’,‘age’:20}
numbers = [1,3,2,88,7,44]
s = ‘abi’
class TestAssert(unittest.TestCase):
def test_assert_method(self):
self.assertTrue(‘abi’ in s)
if name ==‘main’:
unittest.main()
（3）assertIn()是否包含
import unittest
person = {‘name’:‘Mike’,‘age’:20}
numbers = [1,3,2,88,7,44]
s = ‘abi’
class TestAssert(unittest.TestCase):
def test_assert_method(self):
self.assertIn(‘abi’,s)
if name ==‘main’:
unittest.main()
（4）assertAlmostEqual()是否约等
import unittest
person = {‘name’:‘Mike’,‘age’:20}
numbers = [1,3,2,88,7,44]
s = ‘abi’
class TestAssert(unittest.TestCase):
def test_assert_method(self):
self.assertAlmostEqual(3.3,1.1+2.2)
if name ==‘main’:
unittest.main()
（5）assertIs()是否为同一引用
import unittest
person = {‘name’:‘Mike’,‘age’:20}
numbers = [1,3,2,88,7,44]
s = ‘abi’
class TestAssert(unittest.TestCase):
def test_assert_method(self):
self.assertIs(True+1,2)
if name ==‘main’:
unittest.main()
（6）assertIsNone()是否为空
import unittest
person = {‘name’:‘Mike’,‘age’:20}
numbers = [1,3,2,88,7,44]
s = ‘abi’
class TestAssert(unittest.TestCase):
def test_assert_method(self):
self.assertIsNone(‘Name’,None)
if name ==‘main’:
unittest.main()
（7）assertIsInstance()是否为某类型实例
import unittest
person = {‘name’:‘Mike’,‘age’:20}
numbers = [1,3,2,88,7,44]
s = ‘abi’
class TestAssert(unittest.TestCase):
def test_assert_method(self):
self.assertIsInstance(s,str)
if name ==‘main’:
unittest.main()
（8）assertGreater()是否大于
import unittest
person = {‘name’:‘Mike’,‘age’:20}
numbers = [1,3,2,88,7,44]
s = ‘abi’
class TestAssert(unittest.TestCase):
def test_assert_method(self):
self.assertGreater(7,1)
if name ==‘main’:
unittest.main()
3、装置
（1）测试用例类继承自unittest.TestCase
（2）test_定义功能测试函数名
（3）setUp()函数定义准备初始化代码
（4）tearDown()函数执行清理工作