《量子计算与量子信息》翻译

I   Fundamental concepts
1  Introduction and overview

Science offers the boldest metaphysics of the age. It is a thoroughly human construct, driven by the faith that if we dream, press to discover, explain, and dream again, thereby plunging repeatedly into new terrain, the world will some- how come clearer and we will grasp the true strangeness of the universe. And the strangeness will all prove to be connected, and make sense.

科学提供了这个时代最大胆的形而上学。它完全是由人类构建的，被这样一种信念所驱动：如果我们梦想，努力去发现，去解释，然后再梦想，从而不断地进入新的领域，世界将在某种程度上变得更加清晰，我们将掌握宇宙真正的奇异之处。所有的奇怪都会被证明是有联系的，有意义的。
-Edward O. Wilson
Information is physical.

信息是有形的。
-Rolf Landauer

What are the fundamental concepts of quantum computation and quantum information?

How did these concepts develop?

To what uses may they be put?

How will they be pre-sented in this book?

量子计算和量子信息的基本概念是什么？
这些概念是如何形成的？
它们有什么用途呢？
它们将如何在本书中呈现？

The purpose of this introductory chapter is to answer these questions by developing in broad brushstrokes a picture of the field of quantum computation and quantum information. The intent is to communicate a basic understanding of the central concepts of the field, perspective on how they have been developed, and to help you decide how to approach the rest of the book.

本导论章的目的是通过勾画量子计算和量子信息领域的大致图景来回答这些问题。目的是传达对该领域中心概念的基本理解，对它们如何发展的看法，并帮助您决定如何处理本书的其余部分。

Our story begins in Section 1.1 with an account of the historical context in which quantum computation and quantum information has developed. Each remaining section in the chapter gives a brief introduction to one or more fundamental concepts from the field: quantum bits (Section 1.2), quantum computers, quantum gates and quantum circuits (Section 1.3), quantum algorithms (Section 1.4), experimental quantum information processing (Section 1.5), and quantum information and communication (Section 1.6). Along the way, illustrative and easily accessible developments such as quantum teleportation and some simple quantum algorithms are given, using the basic mathematics taught in this chapter. The presentation is self-contained, and designed to be accessible even without a background in computer science or physics. As we move along, we give pointers to more in-depth discussions in later chapters, where references and suggestions for further reading may also be found.

我们的故事从1.1节开始，讲述量子计算和量子信息发展的历史背景。本章剩下的每一节都简要介绍了该领域的一个或多个基本概念：量子比特（第1.2节）、量子计算机、量子门和量子电路（第1.3节）、量子算法（第1.4节）、实验量子信息处理（第1.5节）和量子信息与通信（第1.6节）。在此过程中，量子隐形传态等说明性和容易获得的发展

If as you read you're finding the going rough, skip on to a spot where you feel more comfortable. At points we haven't been able to avoid using a little technical lingo which won't be completely explained until later in the book. Simply accept it for now, and come back later when you understand all the terminology in more detail. The emphasis in this first chapter is on the big picture, with the details to be filled in later.

如果你在阅读的过程中发现了困难，那就跳到你觉得更舒服的地方。在某些地方，我们无法避免使用一些技术术语，直到本书后面才会完全解释。现在简单地接受它，当您更详细地理解了所有术语后再回来。第一章的重点是总体情况，细节将在以后补充。