刷题笔记23——螺旋、之形打印数组、旋转数组

本文介绍三种数组打印方法:螺旋打印、旋转数组和之形打印,通过实例代码详细解析每种打印方式的实现思路和步骤。


一、螺旋打印数组

给定一个整型矩阵matrix, 按照转圈的方式打印它

1.1 解答

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1.2 测试结果及代码

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#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
#include <climits>
#include <iomanip>
#include <stack>
using namespace std;

typedef vector<int> vInt;


void printMatrix(const vector<vInt> &M) {
    for (int i = 0; i < M.size(); ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < M[0].size(); ++j) {
                cout << setw(2) << M[i][j] << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;
}

void printEdge(const vector<vInt> &M, int a, int b, int c, int d) {
    if (a == c) {
        int i = b;
        while (i <= d) {
            cout << M[a][i++] << "-";
        }
        cout << endl;
    } else if (b == d) {
        int i = a;
        while (i <= c) {
            cout << M[i++][b] << "-";
        }
        cout << endl;
    } else {
        int row = a;
        int col = b;
        while (col != d) {
            cout << M[row][col++] << "-";
        }
        while (row != c) {
            cout << M[row++][col] << "-";
        }
        while (col != b) {
            cout << M[row][col--] << "-";
        }
        while (row != a) {
            cout << M[row--][col] << "-";
        }
    }
}

void spiralOrderPrint(const vector<vInt> &M) {
    int lu_R = 0;
    int lu_C = 0;
    int rd_R = M.size() - 1;
    int rd_C = M[0].size() - 1;
    while (lu_R <= rd_R && lu_C <= rd_C) {
        printEdge(M, lu_R++, lu_C++, rd_R--, rd_C--);
    }
}

int main (int argc, char* argv[]) {

    srand(time(NULL));
    const int test_time = 15;      // 测试次数

    for (int cnt = 0; cnt < test_time; ++cnt) {
        int rows = rand() % 10 + 1;
        int cols = rand() % 10 + 1;
        vector<vInt> Matrix(rows);
        for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i)
            Matrix[i].resize(cols);
        // vector<vInt> Matrix(rows, vInt(cols));
        for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < cols; ++j) {
                Matrix[i][j] = rand() % 99 + 1;
            }
        }
        cout << "\n第 " << cnt << " 次生成:\n";
        printMatrix(Matrix);
        cout << "第 " << cnt << " 次路线:\n";
        spiralOrderPrint(Matrix);
        cout << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

二、旋转数组

2.1 解法

思路同上,外圈转好了转内圈即可
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2.2 测试结果及代码

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#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
#include <climits>
#include <iomanip>
#include <stack>
using namespace std;

typedef vector<int> vInt;

void printMatrix(const vector<vInt> &M) {
    for (int i = 0; i < M.size(); ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < M[0].size(); ++j) {
                cout << setw(2) << M[i][j] << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;
}

void Swap(int &x, int &y) {
    int t = x;
    x = y;
    y = t;
}

void rotate(vector<vInt> &M, int lu_r, int lu_c, int rd_r, int rd_c) {
    int a = lu_r;
    int b = lu_c;
    int c = rd_r;
    int d = rd_c;
    int times = rd_c - lu_c;
    while (times-- > 0) {
        // 顺时针
        Swap(M[lu_r][b], M[a++][rd_c]);
        Swap(M[lu_r][b], M[rd_r][d--]);
        Swap(M[lu_r][b], M[c--][lu_c]);
        // 逆时针,注意换的顺序即可
        // int tmp = M[lu_r][b];
        // M[lu_r][b] = M[a][rd_c];
        // M[a][rd_c] = M[rd_r][d];
        // M[rd_r][d] = M[c][lu_c];
        // M[c][lu_c] = tmp;
        // a++;
        // b++;
        // c--;
        // d--;
    }
}

void rotateMatrix(vector<vInt> &M) {
    int lu_R = 0;
    int lu_C = 0;
    int rd_R = M.size() - 1;
    int rd_C = M[0].size() - 1;
    while (lu_R < rd_R) {
        rotate(M, lu_R++, lu_C++, rd_R--, rd_C--);
    }
}

int main (int argc, char* argv[]) {

    srand(time(NULL));
    const int test_time = 15;      // 测试次数

    for (int cnt = 0; cnt < test_time; ++cnt) {
        int N = rand() % 10 + 1;
        vector<vInt> Matrix(N);
        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
            Matrix[i].resize(N);
        // vector<vInt> Matrix(rows, vInt(cols));
        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < N; ++j) {
                Matrix[i][j] = rand() % 99 + 1;
            }
        }
        cout << "\n第 " << cnt << " 次生成:\n";
        printMatrix(Matrix);
        cout << "第 " << cnt << " 次旋转:\n";
        rotateMatrix(Matrix);
        printMatrix(Matrix);
        cout << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

三、之形打印数组

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3.1 解法

在这里插入图片描述

3.2 测试结果及代码

在这里插入图片描述

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <queue>
#include <climits>
#include <iomanip>
#include <stack>
using namespace std;

typedef vector<int> vInt;


void printMatrix(const vector<vInt> &M) {
    for (int i = 0; i < M.size(); ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < M[0].size(); ++j) {
                cout << setw(2) << M[i][j] << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;
}

void printLevel(vector<vInt> &M, int aR, int aC, int bR, int bC, bool flag) {
    if (flag) {
        while (bR != aR - 1) {
            cout << M[bR--][bC++] << " ";
        }
    } else {
        while (aR != bR + 1) {
            cout << M[aR++][aC--] << " ";
        }
    }
}

void printMatrixZigZag(vector<vInt> & M) {
    int aR = 0;
    int aC = 0;
    int bR = 0;
    int bC = 0;
    int R_end = M.size() - 1;
    int C_end = M[0].size() - 1;
    bool down2up = true;
    while (aR != R_end + 1) {   // 也可写成bc != C_end + 1
        printLevel(M, aR, aC, bR, bC, down2up);
        aR = ((aC == C_end) ? (aR + 1) : aR);
        aC = ((aC == C_end) ? aC : (aC + 1));
        bC = ((bR == R_end) ? (bC + 1) : bC);
        bR = ((bR == R_end) ? bR : (bR + 1));
        // bC = ((bR == R_end) ? (bC + 1) : bC);

        down2up = !down2up;
    }
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{

    srand(time(NULL));
    const int test_time = 15; // 测试次数

    for (int cnt = 0; cnt < test_time; ++cnt) {
        int N = rand() % 10 + 1;
        vector<vInt> M(N);
        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
            M[i].resize(N);
        // vector<vInt> M(rows, vInt(cols));
        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
            for (int j = 0; j < N; ++j) {
                M[i][j] = rand() % 99 + 1;
            }
        }
        cout << "\n第 " << cnt << " 次生成:\n";
        printMatrix(M);
        cout << "第 " << cnt << " 次zigzag:\n";
        printMatrixZigZag(M);

        M.clear();
        cout << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}
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