转载自OYK博客园 http://www.cnblogs.com/-OYK/archive/2011/05/31/2064781.html
此文最原始被翻译自:http://android.amberfog.com/?p=296
ListView中getView的原理+如何在ListView中放置多个item
ListView 和 Adapter 的基础
工作原理:
- ListView 针对List中每个item,要求 adapter “给我一个视图” (getView)。
- 一个新的视图被返回并显示
如果我们有上亿个项目要显示怎么办?为每个项目创建一个新视图?NO!这不可能!
实际上Android为你缓存了视图。
Android中有个叫做Recycler的构件,下图是他的工作原理:

- 如果你有10亿个项目(item),其中只有可见的项目存在内存中,其他的在Recycler中。
- ListView先请求一个type1视图(getView)然后请求其他可见的项目。convertView在getView中是空(null)的。
- 当item1滚出屏幕,并且一个新的项目从屏幕低端上来时,ListView再请求一个type1视图。convertView此时不是空值了,它的值是item1。你只需设定新的数据然后返回convertView,不必重新创建一个视图。
请看下面的示例代码,这里在getView中使用了System.out进行输出
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public
class
MultipleItemsList
extends
ListActivity {
private
MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;
@Override
public
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mAdapter =
new
MyCustomAdapter();
for
(
int
i =
0
; i <
50
; i++) {
mAdapter.addItem(
"item "
+ i);
}
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
}
private
class
MyCustomAdapter
extends
BaseAdapter {
private
ArrayList mData =
new
ArrayList();
private
LayoutInflater mInflater;
public
MyCustomAdapter() {
mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
}
public
void
addItem(
final
String item) {
mData.add(item);
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
@Override
public
int
getCount() {
return
mData.size();
}
@Override
public
String getItem(
int
position) {
return
mData.get(position);
}
@Override
public
long
getItemId(
int
position) {
return
position;
}
@Override
public
View getView(
int
position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
System.out.println(
"getView "
+ position +
" "
+ convertView);
ViewHolder holder =
null
;
if
(convertView ==
null
) {
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1,
null
);
holder =
new
ViewHolder();
holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
convertView.setTag(holder);
}
else
{
holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
}
holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));
return
convertView;
}
}
public
static
class
ViewHolder {
public
TextView textView;
}
}
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执行程序,然后在Logcat中查看日志

getView 被调用 9 次 ,convertView 对于所有的可见项目是空值(如下)
02-0513:47:32.559: INFO/System.out(947): getView0null |
02-0513:47:32.570: INFO/System.out(947): getView1null |
02-0513:47:32.589: INFO/System.out(947): getView2null |
02-0513:47:32.599: INFO/System.out(947): getView3null |
02-0513:47:32.619: INFO/System.out(947): getView4null |
02-0513:47:32.629: INFO/System.out(947): getView5null |
02-0513:47:32.708: INFO/System.out(947): getView6null |
02-0513:47:32.719: INFO/System.out(947): getView7null |
02-0513:47:32.729: INFO/System.out(947): getView8null |
然后稍微向下滚动List,直到item10出现:

convertView仍然是空值,因为recycler中没有视图(item1的边缘仍然可见,在顶端)
02-0513:48:25.169: INFO/System.out(947): getView9null |
再滚动List

convertView不是空值了!item1离开屏幕到Recycler中去了,然后item11被创建
02-0513:48:42.879: INFO/System.out(947): getView10android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8 |
再滚动:
02-0514:01:31.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView11android.widget.LinearLayout@437447d0 |
02-0514:01:31.142: INFO/System.out(947): getView12android.widget.LinearLayout@43744ff8 |
02-0514:01:31.279: INFO/System.out(947): getView13android.widget.LinearLayout@43743fa8 |
02-0514:01:31.350: INFO/System.out(947): getView14android.widget.LinearLayout@43745820 |
02-0514:01:31.429: INFO/System.out(947): getView15android.widget.LinearLayout@43746048 |
02-0514:01:31.550: INFO/System.out(947): getView16android.widget.LinearLayout@43746870 |
02-0514:01:31.669: INFO/System.out(947): getView17android.widget.LinearLayout@43747098 |
02-0514:01:31.839: INFO/System.out(947): getView18android.widget.LinearLayout@437478c0 |
02-0514:03:30.900: INFO/System.out(947): getView19android.widget.LinearLayout@43748df0 |
02-0514:03:32.069: INFO/System.out(947): getView20android.widget.LinearLayout@437430f8 |
convertView 如我们所期待的非空了,在item11离开屏幕之后,它的视图(@437430f8)作为convertView容纳item21了
不同的项目布局(item layout)
我们再举一个稍微复杂的例子,在上例的list中加入一些分隔线
你需要做这些:
- 重(@Override)写 getViewTypeCount() – 返回你有多少个不同的布局
- 重写 getItemViewType(int) – 由position返回view type id
- 根据view item的类型,在getView中创建正确的convertView
以下是代码:
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public
class
MultipleItemsList
extends
ListActivity {
private
MyCustomAdapter mAdapter;
@Override
public
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mAdapter =
new
MyCustomAdapter();
for
(
int
i =
1
; i <
50
; i++) {
mAdapter.addItem(
"item "
+ i);
if
(i %
4
==
0
) {
mAdapter.addSeparatorItem(
"separator "
+ i);
}
}
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
}
private
class
MyCustomAdapter
extends
BaseAdapter {
private
static
final
int
TYPE_ITEM =
0
;
private
static
final
int
TYPE_SEPARATOR =
1
;
private
static
final
int
TYPE_MAX_COUNT = TYPE_SEPARATOR +
1
;
private
ArrayList mData =
new
ArrayList();
private
LayoutInflater mInflater;
private
TreeSet mSeparatorsSet =
new
TreeSet();
public
MyCustomAdapter() {
mInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
}
public
void
addItem(
final
String item) {
mData.add(item);
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
public
void
addSeparatorItem(
final
String item) {
mData.add(item);
// save separator position
mSeparatorsSet.add(mData.size() -
1
);
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
@Override
public
int
getItemViewType(
int
position) {
return
mSeparatorsSet.contains(position) ? TYPE_SEPARATOR : TYPE_ITEM;
}
@Override
public
int
getViewTypeCount() {
return
TYPE_MAX_COUNT;
}
@Override
public
int
getCount() {
return
mData.size();
}
@Override
public
String getItem(
int
position) {
return
mData.get(position);
}
@Override
public
long
getItemId(
int
position) {
return
position;
}
@Override
public
View getView(
int
position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder holder =
null
;
int
type = getItemViewType(position);
System.out.println(
"getView "
+ position +
" "
+ convertView +
" type = "
+ type);
if
(convertView ==
null
) {
holder =
new
ViewHolder();
switch
(type) {
case
TYPE_ITEM:
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item1,
null
);
holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
break
;
case
TYPE_SEPARATOR:
convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item2,
null
);
holder.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.textSeparator);
break
;
}
convertView.setTag(holder);
}
else
{
holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
}
holder.textView.setText(mData.get(position));
return
convertView;
}
}
public
static
class
ViewHolder {
public
TextView textView;
}
}
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运行程序,你会看到每4个item一个分割线

看看日志,无异常,所有的convertView都是空的
02-0515:19:03.080: INFO/System.out(1035): getView0null type = 0 |
02-0515:19:03.112: INFO/System.out(1035): getView1null type = 0 |
02-0515:19:03.130: INFO/System.out(1035): getView2null type = 0 |
02-0515:19:03.141: INFO/System.out(1035): getView3null type = 0 |
02-0515:19:03.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView4null type = 1 |
02-0515:19:03.170: INFO/System.out(1035): getView5null type = 0 |
02-0515:19:03.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView6null type = 0 |
02-0515:19:03.190: INFO/System.out(1035): getView7null type = 0 |
02-0515:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView8null type = 0 |
02-0515:19:03.210: INFO/System.out(1035): getView9null type = 1 |
滚动list:
02-0515:19:54.160: INFO/System.out(1035): getView10null type = 0 |
02-0515:19:57.440: INFO/System.out(1035): getView11android.widget.LinearLayout@43744528type =0 |
02-0515:20:01.310: INFO/System.out(1035): getView12android.widget.LinearLayout@43744eb0type =0 |
02-0515:20:01.880: INFO/System.out(1035): getView13android.widget.LinearLayout@437456d8type =0 |
02-0515:20:02.869: INFO/System.out(1035): getView14null type = 1 |
02-0515:20:06.489: INFO/System.out(1035): getView15android.widget.LinearLayout@43745f00type =0 |
02-0515:20:07.749: INFO/System.out(1035): getView16android.widget.LinearLayout@43747170type =0 |
02-0515:20:10.250: INFO/System.out(1035): getView17android.widget.LinearLayout@43747998type =0 |
02-0515:20:11.661: INFO/System.out(1035): getView18android.widget.LinearLayout@437481c0type =0 |
02-0515:20:13.180: INFO/System.out(1035): getView19android.widget.LinearLayout@437468a0type =1 |
02-0515:20:16.900: INFO/System.out(1035): getView20android.widget.LinearLayout@437489e8type =0 |
02-0515:20:25.690: INFO/System.out(1035): getView21android.widget.LinearLayout@4374a8d8type =0 |
convertView对于分割线是空的,直到第一个分割线可见,当其离开屏幕,视图去到Recycler并且convertView开始起作用。
本文翻译自http://android.amberfog.com/?p=296

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