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形式宾语是英语语法中替代不定式、动名词或从句作宾语的语法成分,通常由"it"充当,置于动词后并后接宾语补足语,真实宾语则移至句末。其核心功能在于平衡句式结构,避免因宾语复杂导致的逻辑混乱,基本结构为“动词+it+补足语+真实宾语” [1] [2]。
该语法现象主要应用于四种情境:一是与特定动词(如think、find、consider)搭配构成复合宾语结构;二是表达情感的动词后接宾语从句时;三是宾语从句位于介词后;四是固定动词短语需接宾语从句的情况。此外,存在无需补足语的特殊结构(如“动词+it+that/when从句”),常见于have、prefer等少数动词 [3-4]。
形式宾语的使用规则与动词类型及句子成分复杂度密切相关,常见于英语教学中的高阶语法讲解。其概念在成教、考研等多类教材及语法指南中被系统阐释,通过经典例句(如“I find it easy to do...”)明确其语法地位,并在跨语言对比研究(如世界语文献)中印证其结构共性。
- 中文名
- 形式宾语
- 外文名
- Anticipatory Object
- 作 用
- 补充宾语
- 结 构
- 主语 +谓语+ it +adj +to do sth
定义
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用法辨析
播报编辑
下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语:
e.g. They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.
(他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。)
I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.
(我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。)
He makes it a rule never to borrow money.
(他立志决不向别人借钱。)
I think it no need talking about it with them.
(我认为没必要跟他们谈。)
e.g. I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.
(我不喜欢他那么懒惰。)
I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.
e.g. You may depend on it that we shall always help you.
(尽管放心,我们会随时帮你的。)
Would you see to it that she gets home early?
(你负责保证她早到家,好吗?)
He insisted on it that he was innocent.
(他坚持说自己是无辜的。)
e.g. I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.
(我让你自己判断这事是否该做。)
We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.
特殊形式宾语
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1.动词+ it + that-从句
I like it that you came.你来了,我很高兴。
【注】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有have, take, put, like等。
2.动词+ it + when (if)-从句
I dislike it when you whistle.我不爱听你吹口哨。
We really appreciate it when she offered to help.她来帮忙了,我们十分感激。
I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work.要是我不必做那么多工作,好就太好了。
例题
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( )I think____necessary for us to learn English well.
A it B that
C its D that's
正确答案:A
